Выполненный юнит по английскому языку №0012
План (содержание) работы Выполненный юнит по английскому языку №0012:
Задание 1
I. Lead-in
In the English and American legal systems the law is divided into two main areas. These are criminal law and civil law. What is the difference between them?
Look at these situations and decide if the person needs a criminal lawyer or a civil lawyer. In other words, is it a criminal matter or a civil matter?
a) Mr Bellerby is opening a new factory. He needs to visit a lawyer to get a contract for all of his employees to sign.
A. criminal B. civil
b) Mrs Robson is thinking about what she wants to happen to her house and possessions after her death. She needs to visit a lawyer to get the correct document, which is called a "will".
A. criminal B. civil
c) The police are taking Mr Dean to the police station because they say he stole a car. He needs a lawyer to come and visit him there to tell him what to do.
A. criminal B. civil
d) Mr Flynn owns a restaurant. He has a contract with a company to deliver fruit and vegetables to his restaurant. The company didn’t deliver them on the agreed date, so Mr Flynn lost money because he could not open his restaurant that day. Mr Flynn needs to see a lawyer about asking the delivery company to give him the money he lost.
A. criminal B. civil
e) Mr Allen is a bank manager. The bank is saying that some money is missing. Mr Allen has a new car and expensive clothes. The police are coming to ask Mr Allen some questions. He needs a lawyer immediately.
A. criminal B. civil
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Задание 2
II. Reading
C) Text
AREAS OF LAW
(1) Every country has its own legal system and its own set of laws that are called national (domestic) law. National law includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state, regional or local levels. For example, the USA has federal laws and state laws as well.
(2) International law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another. States agree to obey international law by being members of a great international organization such as the United Nations, or by entering into treaties with one another.
(3) Many countries make an important distinction between civil (or private) and public law. Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between subjects of law (citizens, companies) and the state. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, honour an agreement, or settle a dispute. The main categories of English civil law are: law of contract, law of tort, law of trust, probate law, company law, employment law, land law, family law, intellectual property law and others.
(4) The main categories of public law are criminal law, constitutional law and administrative law.
(5) Criminal law deals with wrongs (crimes) which harm the well-being of society, even when they have committed a crime against an individual. The main aim of criminal law is to deter other people from committing similar wrongs.
(6) Constitutional law states the citizen’s rights and duties. It also regulates the relationships between different branches of the state, such as the executive, the legislative and the judiciary ones. Constitutional law is usually found in the Constitution of the country. However, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, due to historical and political reasons the Constitution does not exist in one written document. The UK has an unwritten constitution — the constitution of this state is usually found in statutes such as Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and others.
(7) Administrative law is enforced by the executive branch of the government rather than the legislative and the judiciary branches. It regulates international trade, taxation, environment protection, and manufacturing.
(8) Criminal and civil procedures are different. Criminal actions are nearly always started by the state. Civil actions, on the other hand, are usually started by individuals. The party bringing a criminal action (that is in most cases the state) is called the prosecution. The party bringing a civil action is called the claimant (US plaintiff). The party accused in court of a crime or a civil offence is called the defendant in both kinds of actions.
Задание 3
III. Read the text again and do the following exercises.
A. Fill in the chart.
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Задание 4
1. In civil law there is the _____ to right a _____, honor an _____, or settle a _____.
2. Administrative law is enforced by the _____ branch of the government rather than the _____ and the _____ branches.
3. The main aim of criminal law is to _____ other people from _____ similar wrongs.
4. International law _____ relations between _____ and also between _____ citizens of one country and those of another.
5. The UK has an _____ constitution — the constitution of this state is usually found in _____ such as Magna Carta, Bill of Rights, and others.
6. Constitutional law regulates the relationships between different _____ of the state, such as the _____, the _____, and the judiciary.
7. Civil law concerns _____ among citizens within a country, and _____ law concerns _____ between citizens and the state or between one state and another.
8. States agree to _____ international law by being members of a great international organization such as the _____, or by entering into _____ with one another.
9. Every country has its own legal system and its own _____of laws that are called _____ law.
10. The party _____ in court of a crime or a civil offence is called the _____ in both kinds of _____.
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