Выполненный юнит по английскому языку №0013
План (содержание) работы Выполненный юнит по английскому языку №0013:
Задание 1
(1) There are civil and criminal courts within the English legal system. Civil courts resolve disputes between private citizens or between private citizens and the state. In criminal courts, cases are brought against a person who has broken the law. The wrongdoer is sued in a civil court while in a criminal court he is prosecuted.
(2) Cases brought before civil courts are to do with legal matters such as breach of contract, trespass to property, and disputes over land or the wrongful exercise of power by public servants. Civil cases are usually considered in county courts.
(3) Cases brought before criminal courts are to do with offences against the state which, these days, usually involve breach of the statutory law. Minor criminal cases and some civil matters such as debts are started in magistrates’ courts and are heard by lay magistrates called Justices of Peace. Offenders who are aged between 10 and 17 are dealt with by Youth Courts with specially trained magistrates. These courts are not open to the public.
(4) Some serious crimes, like murder, cannot be heard by the magistrates. They must go to the Crown Court. And there are some offences where the defendant is given the choice of having his case heard either in the magistrates’ court or the Crown Court. It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court, but some defendants prefer it because the facts of the case are decided by a jury, that is, ordinary members of the public. Jurors are to decide questions of fact and give a verdict that is to say whether the defendant is guilty or not.
(5) If the defendant is dissatisfied with the court decision he can appeal to a higher court requesting it to re-examine and change the judgment. Appeals from the Crown Court go first to the High Court and, in special cases, to the Court of Appeal. Occasionally, a case is carried through this system of appeal all the way to the Supreme Court, the final court of appeal. Its decisions on both criminal and civil matters bind all other courts. Only the government can overturn a decision of the Supreme Court and then, only by passing an Act of Parliament.
(6) In addition to courts Parliament sets a lot of tribunals, independent judicial bodies, which hear appeals made in certain types of cases. There are employment tribunals, immigration tribunals and others. In their decisions they must comply with the law. Otherwise, their decisions may be challenged by the High Court.
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Задание 2
С. Answer the following questions.
1. What courts are there within the English legal system?
2. What do civil courts deal with?
3. What cases are brought in criminal courts?
4. What matters are resolved by civil courts?
5. Where are civil cases considered?
6. What kind of cases are brought before the criminal courts?
7. What kind of cases are started in magistrates’ courts?
8. Who hears cases in magistrates’ courts?
9. What courts deal with offenders who are aged between 10 and 17?
10. Are Youth Courts open to the public?
11. What cases can’t be heard by the magistrates?
12. Where must serious cases go?
13. What choice is the defendant sometimes given?
14. Why do some defendants choose the Crown Court to hear their cases?
15. Who does a jury consist of?
16. What questions do jurors decide?
17. What is a verdict?
18. What can the defendant do if is dissatisfied with the court decision?
19. What is the system of appeal like?
20. What is the final court of appeal?
21. How can the decisions of the Supreme Court be overturned?
22. What are tribunals? What body sets them?
23. What must their decisions comply with?
24. What court can challenge the decisions of the tribunals?
Задание 3
Exercise 1. Complete the text using the words from the Active Vocabulary. OK, good morning, everyone. Today we’re going to look at the way the court system in England and Wales is organized. Courts are generally classified into the (1) ______________and (2) ______________ systems. Civil courts (3) ______________ disputes between private citizens or between private citizens and the state. Criminal courts (4) _________________ wrongdoers who has (5) ______________ the law. These cases are usually (6) ______________ by the state. Most civil and criminal cases are open to the (7) ______________. The highest court in the land is the (8) ______________. Its decisions on both criminal and civil matters (9) _____________ all other courts and can only be (10) __________ by the government. Below the Supreme Court is the (11) _________________ which has two separate divisions: civil and criminal. Below the Court of Appeal is the (12) ______________.
B. Read the text below and choose the word which best fits each space.
higher barristers magistrates qualified jury defendant legal system professionals
The largest group of judges are (1) ____________________, ordinary citizens who are not legal (2) ________________ but are appointed to ensure that the local community is involved in the running of the (3) ____________________. They sit as a group of three (as a "bench"). Magistrates sit with a legally (4) _________________clerk, who can advise on points of law. A case is presented by the (5) __________________, who takes over the case from the police who have already charged the (6) ________________ (or accused) with specified crimes. In the (7) ________________ courts, the judges are almost all former (8) __________________. But many cases are also heard by recorders — part-time barristers from private practice. The cases in the Crown Court are heard by the (9) _________________. The Crown Court jury consists of 12 persons, aged 18 to 70.
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